Back Bonding (pπ-pπ) Simulator

Boron Trifluoride (BF₃) Back Bonding

Interactive 3D visualization of pπ-pπ back bonding to relieve electron deficiency.

1. Visualization Controls

Sigma (σ) Bonds Boron Empty 2p Orbital Fluorine Filled 2p Orbitals π-Backbonding Cloud Auto-Rotate

2. Chemical Principles

Electron Deficiency: Boron in BF₃ is sp² hybridized and forms 3 sigma bonds. It only has 6 electrons in its valence shell, leaving it electron-deficient (a strong Lewis acid).

The Empty Orbital: Because it is sp² hybridized, the central Boron has an unhybridized, completely empty 2p_z orbital perpendicular to the molecular plane.

The Filled Orbitals: Each Fluorine atom has 3 lone pairs. One of these lone pairs occupies a filled 2p_z orbital, which is parallel to Boron's empty orbital.

Back Bonding (pπ-pπ): Fluorine donates electron density from its filled 2p orbital side-on into Boron's empty 2p orbital. This forms a delocalized π-bond across the molecule, relieving Boron's electron deficiency and giving the B-F bonds partial double-bond character.

Legend

Boron (B)

Fluorine (F)

Empty p-orbital

Filled p-orbital (Lone Pair)

Left Click + Drag to Rotate • Scroll to Zoom

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